Friday, December 6, 2013

Having three languages: good or bad?

So, as I already told you, the most amazing thing about Belgium is that in such a small country, we have three official languages. Dutch is spoken in the North part of the country, French in the South and a little community speaks German in the very East part of the country. I personnaly am a Francophone so French is my native language but I can also speak Dutch. Most of the Belgians are at least bilingual in two of the official languages, some are trilingual and besides, most of them also speak English. Brussels, the capital city, is officialy bilingual. All the constitutional and judicial system are trilingual. That can be confusing sometimes but I think that's awesome.

Why did I say that having three languages could be pretty bad? Well, let's go back two centuries ago. At that time, Belgium was still under the Netherlands empire but they had grown up apart and so didn't have the same culture at all. The Belgian revolution that stroke out in Brussels because the Belgians were feeling that the Netherlands were using discriminatory measures against them led to the separation of the Southern parts of the empire, now known as Belgium. In July 1830, Europe agreed on Belgium's independence and it became a French-speaking laicist monarchy.

That's when the problems begin... Everything was in French but only a very few pourcentage of the population spoke it, the aristocracy. Walloons (in the South) spoke a local Walloon language and Flemish (in the North) spoke a local Flemish language. The Flemish still felt very disadvantaged regarding the Walloons (that they thought spoke French too) and started to claim their rights. The Belgian government slowly accepted some rights, from the press, government and school in Dutch too to giving Belgium two official languages. It also made the North officially Dutch-speaking, the South officially French-speaking and Brussels bilingual. German became an official language after the German reunification but there's never really been problems with the German-speaking part.

There has never really been a Civil War in Belgium and, even if there are still tensions between Walloons and Flemish, I don't think there's gonna be one. The problem is that, after WW2, the South was the main source of economy and now the process is reversing so some radicalist Flemish political parties are claiming the Dutch-speaking part independence but I honnestly don't think it's going to happen, or at least not during my lifetime.

Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium#History
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/belgium-history.html
http://www.academia.edu/1056036/One_nation_one_language_The_case_of_Belgium
and my history class from last year in Belgium.

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